It is difficult to distinguish between the pathological and low mood States expected or adaptive, professionals disagree regarding the limits and conventions that seek to make this difference between the normal and the pathological. While some authors is the intensity of symptoms which makes the distinction between the low state of mind, for others it has to do with the quality of them, you would be subtypes that they bear relation or in evolution and no response.
Depression Symptoms
Depression Symptoms
For the diagnosis of clinical depression or major depressive disorder, professionals must be guided mainly by two manuals: ICD 10, international classification published by the World Health Organization, or the DSM-IV, the American Psychiatric Association diagnostic manual. According to these guidelines, the depression is characterized by any of the following symptoms:
- Been depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day according to the subject (e.g., feels sad or empty) or observation made by others (e.g., crying).
- Important reduction of the interest or the ability to (enjoy life) pleasure in all or almost all activities significant weight loss (without having done regime) or significant weight gain (e.g., a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month), or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day.
- Insomnia or Hypersomnia (daytime sleepiness).
- Psychomotor agitation or slowing.
- Fatigue or loss of energy.
- Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt (not just the autorreproches or guilt by the fact of being ill).
- Reduced self-esteem and confidence itself.
- Decreased ability to think, make decisions or concentrate.
- "Black", promising or pessimistic vision of the future.
- Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of death), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.
- These symptoms persist for at least two weeks and produce a very significant discomfort that alters the life of family, social, occupational and other major areas of activity of the person. When these major depressive episodes are repeated (recurrent major depression) tends to have at least one interval free of symptoms, for two months, between one and the other.
Other Clinical Depression Symptoms
In the melancholy form of major depression (a variant of this) they also include typical symptoms:
- Lack of reactivity to usually pleasurable stimuli (does not feel better, or even temporarily, when something good happens).
- A quality distinct from depressive mood (e. g. depression is experienced differently to the type of feeling that accompanies the death of a loved one).
- Depression is usually higher in the morning, improving mood in the evening.
- Wake up early (e.g. 2 hours earlier than usual) that usually accompanied by anguish.
Sometimes depression is "masked" by some suffering physical, emotional or processes related to anxiety. Chronic stress can also lead to depression. We must add that seeking help and express oneself correctly hard depressed patients, in addition, it has been shown that 25% of primary-care physicians are not competent to make the diagnosis, either by its difficulty, the degree of uncertainty, gravity, stigmatization or the associated cost.
As a result this disease tends to be underdiagnosed, therefore it is very important that professionals aware of the symptoms and associated theories who made the diagnosis, knowing where they are how and when you should look for. Evaluating the so-called triad of depression: somatic, emotional, and psychological level.
Suspected depression there are to go to the right specialist, psychologists or psychiatrists, who have the training, experience and tools allowing to confirm this diagnosis.
Keywords :
clinical depression symptoms
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